100 ΕΜΒΛΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΑ ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙΑ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΑΚΟΥΣΕΙΣ – Μέρος 7: Η δεκαετία του 2010

 

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Το συναρπαστικό μας ταξίδι στο χρόνο μέσα από την γαλλική μουσική έχει φτάσει στο τέλος του. Επιστρέψαμε στη σημερινή εποχή!

Είναι πραγματικά εντυπωσιακό να δούμε πώς έχει εξελιχθεί η γαλλική μουσική όλα αυτά τα χρόνια. Και όσο ετοίμαζα αυτά τα άρθρα συνειδητοποίησα πως η πορεία που ακολουθεί είναι, αναπόφευκτα, ένα σημάδι των καιρών:

Από τη δεκαετία του 1930 μέχρι τα ’60, η Γαλλία είναι η απόλυτη trend-setter. Τα γαλλικά τραγούδια ακούγονται σε όλο τον κόσμο, ενίοτε μεταφρασμένα σε άλλες γλώσσες, ακόμα και στα αγγλικά.

Κατά τη διάρκεια της δεκαετίας του ’70 όμως, η αγγλοσαξονική επιρροή γίνεται όλο και πιο εμφανής στην γαλλική μουσική σκηνή, και σταδιακά η République Française χάνει την δύναμή της ως καλλιτεχνικό μοντέλο. Παρόλα αυτά, πολλά σπουδαία τραγούδια αυτής της περιόδου έχουν παραμείνει ως all-time classics.

Από το 1980, η παγκοσμιοποίηση είναι πανταχού παρούσα, και η μουσική δεν αποτελεί εξαίρεση: η Γαλλία ακούει όλο και περισσότερη αγγλόφωνη μουσική. Και η δεκαετία του ’90 με την ευρεία διαθεσιμότητα του διαδικτύου μεγεθύνει το φαινόμενο. Προκειμένου να διατηρηθεί η γαλλική γλώσσα και να την προστατεύει από την “αγγλοσαξονική πολιτιστική εισβολή”, η γαλλική κυβέρνηση παίρνει μια τολμηρή απόφαση: περνάει τον επίμαχο νόμο Toubon. Σε ισχύ από 1/1/1996, ο νόμος αυτός υποχρεώνει τους ραδιοφωνικούς σταθμούς να μεταδίδουν τουλάχιστον το 40% των τραγουδιών στα γαλλικά. Δυστυχώς, υπάρχει ένα πρόβλημα: η γαλλικοί ραδιοφωνικοί σταθμοί υποστηρίζουν πως, μετά από 20 χρόνια που εφαρμόζεται, αυτό το 40% που τους επιβλήθηκε έχει γίνει ασύμφορο. Καταγγέλλουν την έλλειψη ποιότητας της σύγχρονης γαλλικής μουσικής, καθώς και τη μείωση καλλιτεχνών που τραγουδάνε στα γαλλικά. Όπως τονίζουν χαρακτηριστικά: “Μόνο 242 γαλλόφωνα άλμπουμ κυκλοφόρησαν το 2014, έναντι σε 718 το 2003, ήτοι μια πτώση κατά 66,3% στην παραγωγή γαλλικής μουσικής σε λίγο πάνω από δέκα χρόνια”.

Γιατί αυτή η ανησυχητική πτώση στην κυκλοφορία γαλλόφωνης μουσικής; Μήπως φταίει η έλλειψη δημιουργικότητας; Η απάντηση είναι: καθόλου! Τώρα πια οι Γαλλόφωνοι καλλιτέχνες τραγουδάνε στα αγγλικά!! Με το boom των electro pop και house μουσικής (σήμα κατατεθέν των 2010s), καταξιωμένοι καλλιτέχνες όπως ο David GuettaDaft PunkBob Sinclar,  καθώς και άλλα αξιόλογα συγκροτήματα όπως οι The Avener,  SynapsonChristine and the Queens, τώρα τραγουδούν στα αγγλικά, προκειμένου να προσελκύσουν ένα πιο διεθνές κοινό.

Το μέλλον της γαλλικής μουσικής δεν διαφαίνεται και πολύ υποσχόμενο: πρόσφατα, ως αποτέλεσμα της πίεσης που ασκούν οι ραδιοφωνικοί σταθμοί, το υποχρεωτικό 40% γαλλικής μουσικής μειώθηκε στο 35%. Αυτό είναι λυπηρό! Η γαλλική μουσική δεν πρέπει να εξαφανιστεί! Θα ήταν μια τεράστια απώλεια, όχι μόνο για τη Γαλλία, αλλά και για ολόκληρο τον κόσμο…

Αλλά ακόμα υπάρχει λίγη ελπίδα: μερικοί Γαλλόφωνοι καλλιτέχνες, είτε λόγω της εμπορικής τους επιτυχίας, είτε λόγω της ποιότητας της δουλειάς τους, επιμένουν στο να είναι “πολιτιστική εξαίρεση”. Έτσι λοιπόν, ας υποστηρίξουμε τη γαλλική μουσική!! Δείτε αυτή τη λίστα με μερικά ωραία τραγούδια της δεκαετίας και… βάλτε λίγα γαλλικά στη ζωή σας!

91) Zaz – “Je veux” (2010)

Με το μοναδικό της στιλ “τσιγγάνικου τζαζ” και με την θελκτική της φωνή, η Zaz κατάφερε να κάνει όχι μόνο τη Γαλλία, αλλά και όλη την Ευρώπη να τραγουδά το εθιστικό “Je veux”. Το άλμπουμ της, Zaz, έγινε διπλά πλατινένιο στη Γαλλία, ενώ το τραγούδι “Je veux” έμεινε στην κορυφή των περισσότερων ευρωπαϊκών charts για αρκετές εβδομάδες. Διαβάστε περισσότερα για τη Zaz εδώ.

 

 92) Mika – “Elle me dit” (2011)

Ίσως είχατε ήδη ακούσει το Mika, ο οποίος έγινε παγκοσμίως γνωστός με το τραγούδι “Relax, take it easy“. Ο Μίκα είναι Λιβάνο-Βρετανός, αλλά έχει ζήσει και στη Γαλλία. Αυτό το τραγούδι μιλάει, όπως δήλωσε ο ίδιος: “για όλα τα φρικτά πράγματα που μια μητέρα μπορεί να λέει στο γιο της για να τον διώξει από το σπίτι της”. Στο βίντεο πρωταγωνιστούν γνωστοί Γάλλοι καλλιτέχνες, όπως η εκπληκτική Φανή Αρντάν. Ήταν το γαλλόφωνο hit με τις μεγαλύτες πωλήσεις το 2011 στη Γαλλία.

 

 93) Camille – Le banquet” (2011)

Σίγουρα δεν είναι για όλα τα γούστα, αλλά κανείς δεν μπορεί να αρνηθεί ότι η Camille είναι εξαιρετικά ταλαντούχα, και ότι έχει μια καταπληκτική φωνή. Και τα τέσσερά της άλμπουμ έχουν λάβει διθυραμβικές κριτικές, ενώ το single “Ta douleur” έγινε μεγάλη εμπορική επιτυχία. Αντισυμβατική και πρωτότυπη (αν και ενίοτε θυμίζει τη Bjork), έχει συνεργαστεί με τους Nouvelle Vague, και έχει γράψει τραγούδια για το soundrack των ταινιών Ratatouille και Le petit prince. Αυτό το κομμάτι ανήκει στο τελευταίο της άλμπουμ Ilo veyou (αναγραμματισμός του “I love you”).

 

94) Maître Gims – “J’me tire” (2013)

Πολλοί το λατρεύουν, άλλοι το σνομπάρουν, αναμφισβήτητα όμως ο Maître Gims είναι μεγάλο όνομα στη Γαλλία. Ήδη γνωστό ως ηγέτης του rap συγκροτήματος Sexion d’Assault, το 2013 έκανε σόλο ντεμπούτο με το δίσκο “Subliminal”. Αν και οι κριτικές δεν ήταν οι καλύτερες, το άλμπουμ ήταν τεράστια εμπορική επιτυχία και έγινε διπλά διαμαντένιο. Σε αυτό το τραγούδι (στα ελληνικά: “Αποσύρομαι”) περιγράφει πώς μερικές φορές η δημοσιότητα τον εξαντλεί, ότι θα ήθελε να φύγει και να πάει κάπου όπου οι άνθρωποι δεν θα τον κρίνουν.

 

95) Stromae – “Papaoutai” (2013)

Το 2010, όταν κυκλοφόρησε το πρώτο του άλμπουμ, ο Βέλγος μουσικός Stromae μας ανακοίνωσε: “Η ζωή είναι χάλια, οπότε ας χορέψουμε”. Και έτσι ξεσήκωσε όλη την Ευρώπη, που χόρεψε στο ρυθμό του απόλυτου hit  Alors on dance. Αλλά με το άλμπουμ του Racine Carrée, ο Stromae μας απέδειξε πως είναι ένας σπουδαίος καλλιτέχνης. Παρότι τα τραγούδια του έχουν πιασάρικες μελωδίες, περιέχουν ένα ισχυρό κοινωνικό μήνυμα, είτε αν μιλάμε για το AIDS, τον καρκίνο, τις σχέσεις, ή τα σεξουαλική κλισέ… Το τραγούδι Papaoutai (Papa où t’ai, δηλαδή “Mπαμπά πού είσαι;”) μιλάει για τους μπαμπάδες που απουσιάζουν από το σπίτι. Πραγματικά αξίζει να δείτε το εκπληκτικό βίντεο, όπου ένα αγόρι χρησιμοποιεί ένα κούκλο βιτρίνας για να αντικαταστήσει τον απόντα πατέρα του. Μάθετε περισσότερα για τον Stromae εδώ.

 

96) Indila – “Dernière danse” (2014)

Αυτό το τραγούδι (“Τελευταίος χορός”) είναι το πρώτο single από το ντεμπούτο άλμπουμ της Indila. Το εντυπωσιακό μουσικό βίντεο περιγράφει την ιστορία μιας νεαρής μετανάστριας που ζει στο Παρίσι και πέφτει θύμα ρατσισμού. Το άλμπουμ Mini World έγινε διαμαντένιο στη Γαλλία, και ενώ το Dernière danse δεν έφτασε ποτέ στην κορυφή των chart (πήγε μέχρι τη δεύτερη θέση), έγινε τεράστια επιτυχία σε πολλές χώρες, όπως Ελλάδα, Ισραήλ και Τουρκία, όπου παρέμεινε αρκετές εβδομάδες στην πρώτη θέση.

 

97) Louane – “Jour 1” (2015)

Η Louane Emera, ή απλά Louane, ήταν ήδη γνωστή από το 2013 λόγω της συμμετοχής της στο talent show The Voice. Ωστόσο, η μεγάλη αναγνώριση ήρθε το 2014 με το ρόλο της στην ταινία Η οικογένεια Bélier, για το οποίο κέρδισε ένα βραβείο Σεζάρ για την πιο υποσχόμενη ηθοποιός. Αυτό το τραγούδι ανήκει στον πρώτο της άλμπουμ, Room 12, το οποίο έγινε διπλά διαμαντένιο, και κατάφερε να είναι το πρώτο σε πωλήσεις άλμπουμ το 2015 στη Γαλλία.

 

98) Julien Doré – “Le lac” (2016)

Ένα ακόμα αστέρι που ανέδειξε ένα talent show. Ο Julien Doré ήταν ο νικητής του Nouvelle Star το 2007, και από τότε έχει μια πολύ επιτυχημένη καριέρα. Τα τρία πρώτα στούντιο άλμπουμ έχουν όλα φτάσει στην πρώτη τετράδα στο επίσημο Chart γαλλικών άλμπουμ. Πρόσφατα κυκλοφόρησε το τέταρτο του άλμπουμ, “&”, από το οποίο το single “Le Lac” (Η λίμνη) έγινε αμέσως το πιο downloaded single στα charts.

 

99) Céline Dion – “Encore un soir” (2016)

Για την Σελίν Ντιόν δεν χρειάζεται εισαγωγή: είναι, χωρίς αμφιβολία, ένα απόλυτο αστέρι. Παρότι ήταν ήδη γνωστή από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ’80 στην πατρίδα της, τον Καναδά, ή μεγάλη αναγνώριση ήρθε όταν η Ντιόν, εκπροσωπώντας την Ελβετία, νίκησε στο Διαγωνισμό Τραγουδιού της Eurovision το 1988 με το τραγούδι “Ne partez pas sans moi. Από τότε τραγουδάει με μεγάλη επιτυχία στα γαλλικά και στα αγγλικά, και στη δεκαετία του 1990 ήταν ένα από τους καλλιτέχνες με την μεγαλύτερη εμπορική επιτυχία παγκοσμίως, ιδιαίτερα μετά το σούπερ hit “My heart will go on”. Μετά από ένα διάλειμμα 4 ετών, η Σελίν ξαναχτυπά! Και αυτή τη φορά με ένα γαλλικό άλμπουμ: “Encore un Soir” (Μια νύχτα ακόμα), το οποίο έχει λάβει εξαιρετικές κριτικές και έφτασε στην κορυφή των charts στη Γαλλία (όπου έγινε 4 φορές πλατινένιο), Κεμπέκ, Ελβετία, Λουξεμβούργο και Βέλγιο.

 

100) Christophe Maé – “Il est où le bonheur” (2016)

Ο Christophe Maé θεωρείται ένα πραγματικό φαινόμενο: μετά την κυκλοφορία του πρώτου του δίσκου το 2007, όλα τα άλμπουμ του έχουν φτάσει στην κορυφή των γαλλικών charts. Και το πέμπτο του άλμπουμ, L’Attrape-Rêves, που μόλις βγήκε δεν αποτελεί εξαίρεση! Στο βίντεο του τραγουδιού (ο τίτλος σημαίνει “Πού είναι η ευτυχία;”) ο σαραντάχρονος τραγουδιστής ταξιδεύει στο χρόνο και γίνεται νεότερος ή μεγαλύτερος, χάρη σε πολύ επιτυχημένα οπτικά εφέ. Με τη μοναδική χροιά της φωνής του, ο Maé μας υπενθυμίζει ότι δεν χρειάζεται να ψάχνουμε την ευτυχία, διότι συνήθως είναι ακριβώς μπροστά μας και εμείς δεν το καταλαβαίνουμε.

 

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HOME BIRTH: SMART CHOICE OR RISKY BUSINESS? (Part 1)

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Home births have been, for a long time now, the subject of endless controversy and polarized discussions among physicians, midwives and strongly opinionated women. Indeed, the idea of giving birth at home sounds attractive. With the growing  interest for an “all natural” lifestyle, natural home birth looks like a logical way to go. What’s more, celebrities are doing itand midwives are becoming a status symbol!

home-birth-gisele-pregnant-resizedEven mass media has embraced the trend: since 2008, when the documentary The business of being born was aired in the USA many women were “converted” to fanatic home birth supporters. This documentary follows a New York midwife who delivers babies at home, while it “uncovers” -what they consider- the major business childbirth has become for doctors and hospitals. In the UK, the series Call the midwife, with its empathetic view of midwives have experts hoping that “it will spark a resurgence in home births…as women see the holistic care that midwives can deliver”.

home-birth-business-of-being-bornAnd all this “campaign” seems to have worked! Home births have seen a considerable increase in many countries, including the USA, Canada, UK and Australia.

So why the fuss about giving birth at home? Why do women want to deliver like in the 1900s? The answer to these questions is not straightforward…

While reviewing the bibliography on home birth, I realized how massive the amount of information on this subject is, both in scientific and lay sites, and how contradictory it becomes sometimes…

If you are considering home birth, check out this article where I analyze the reasons women choose to have their child at home. In order to simplify reading, I divided it in three parts; read all three so that you can make your responsible and educated choice.

1) “A delivery at home is a wonderful experience”

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                          Satisfaction is home birth’s raison d’être

There is no doubt that birth is a unique, life-changing experience for every woman, and no one can deny the importance of the emotional and psychological aspects of a bringing a child to the world. As mentioned earlier, the reasons women choose a home birth are many: some women feel that the privacy of their home will make them feel more comfortable, less stressed out, and with more control of their own labor. Others find that being surrounded by friends, relatives, or their older children is of utmost importance. Finally, many woman choose home birth out of curiosity, as they have heard so many stories about amazing, empowering, ecstatic, or even “orgasmic” home births. Actually, personal satisfaction seems to be the main reason women want to deliver at home.

home-birth-transfer-primiparousBut is home birth always this pleasurable, fantastic experience women expect?  Unfortunately, this is not always the case. According to Birthplace, a recent British study, a high percentage of women will need a hospital transfer: up to 45% of first-time mums (nulliparous) and 13% of second and subsequent time mothers (multiparous) were transferred to a hospital. Similar figures are reported in the Netherlands, a country with a long tradition of home birth: 49% of primiparous and 17% of multiparous women are transported during labor. Most of the times, transfer to a hospital is not a great experience for the couple, as their expectations for a home birth are not fulfilled; this has been uniformly demonstrated by several studies from different countries (such as Sweden, Netherlands and Belgium). Moreover, a Dutch study evaluating women’s views of their birth experience 3 years after the event revealed persistent levels of frustration, including serious psychologic problems, in transported women compared with those who delivered at a hospital.

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There is another fact we should not ignore: labor is inherently painful. Even though at home women may be more comfortable and this may result in less pain, sometimes it may be impossible to cope with pain and an epidural may be necessary. Pain relief is actually one of the most common reasons for transport to the hospital, since pain can become overwhelming, In fact, a recent study showed that inability to control labor pain may increase the risk of developing postpartum depression.

2) “Home births are safe for the mother”

home-birth-painfulHome births result in less interventions, including pain relief…

Besides personal satisfaction, another common reason women choose home birth is because it’s less invasive. The dreadful “cascade of events“, that is, one intervention leading to another during a hospital birth fills with terror most home birth supporters. Indeed, almost every study shows that home births are associated with less interventions as compared to hospital births. The term “interventions” includes: epidural anesthesia, ventouse or forceps delivery, cesarean section and episiotomy (see also here, here and here).

Another controversial intervention that has gained a bad reputation among home birth supporters is continuous fetal monitoring, as they think that it is not needed, it gets in the way of the natural birthing process and it increases interventions such as cesarean section and forceps delivery. But what is the scientific evidence on this subject? According to a Cochrane review, the use of fetal monitoring increases the cesarean delivery rate, vacuum and forceps operative vaginal delivery; in addition, fetal monitoring does not seem to reduce perinatal mortality, neither cerebral palsy risk; however, it reduces by 50% the risk of neonatal seizures, that is, of brain damage.

home-birth-helpBut while some women may experience fetal monitoring, episiotomy or vacuum delivery as a traumatic experience, others may not get particularly bothered by an episiotomy -and many will feel blessed by the epidural “intervention”. So maybe a more important question is: What about severe maternal complications and maternal deaths? In regard to this matter, there is not much information, and the studies’ conclusions are contradictory. A Dutch study  looked at “severe acute maternal morbidity” (such as admission to intensive care unit, uterine rupture, blood transfusion, etc) and found that women who delivered their first baby at home had the same risk with women delivering at a hospital, but parous women had increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion when delivering at a hospital; however, another study, also from the Netherlands, did not confirm these findings. Therefore, a hospital birth leads to more interventions, but it does not seem to increase the risk of serious maternal complications. Regarding maternal deaths, they are a rare event; thus it is not possible to draw conclusions from the studies.

There is something that every woman considering home birth should understand: the studies results apply only to very low-risk pregnancies. Higher risk women, such as those with twin pregnancies, previous cesarean sections, prematures, post term pregnancies, were excluded from most studies, although it is no secret that they are also having home births (it’s easy to realize it just by checking the social media…). It is certain that for these women the risks is much higher, not only for them, but also for their babies.

3) Home births are safe for the baby

A healthy baby and a healthy mother are supposed to be a birth’s ultimate goal…

Studies analyzing the baby’s risk yield completely different results according to the country they were done, but they also differ in different areas of the same country, or according to the scientist analyzing the data! In here, I mention the most important studies evaluating neonatal risk by country of origin:

home-birth-canada-babyCanada: A recent study showed that planned home birth was not associated with a difference in serious adverse neonatal outcomes as compared to hospital births (Hutton et al, 2016). This study was limited to the Ontario area, had very strict inclusion criteria and high transport rates (see below).

home-birth-dutch-pregnantThe Netherlands: The Netherlands are usually considered the “gold standard” due to their long tradition in home births. In 2009, de Jonge  showed that home birth does not increase the risk of perinatal mortality and severe perinatal morbidity among low-risk women. However, some aspects of this paper may have underestimated the risk (e.g.,  paediatric data on intensive care admissions was missing for 50% of non-teaching hospitals, among others). In fact, a subsequent Dutch study showed that infants of pregnant woman at low risk under the supervision of a midwife had 2,3 times higher risk of perinatal death than infants of pregnant women at high risk  under the supervision of an obstetrician. Moreover, infants of women who were referred by a midwife to an obstetrician during labor had a 3,66 times higher risk of delivery related perinatal death than women who started labor supervised by an obstetrician (See below for more details on home births in the Netherlands).

home-birth-british-babyEngland: A 2011 large study, the Birthplace study showed that, for low-risk women,  home birth had 60% higher chances of “baby events”. The events included death (13%), neonatal encephalopathy (brain damage due to lack of oxygen, 46%), meconium aspiration syndrome (the baby swallows stools, a sign of suffering, 30%), brachial plexus injury (damage of the nerves of the arm, 8%), fractured humerus or clavicle (4%); if the analysis was restricted only to nulliparous women, this risk was almost 3 times higher. For multiparous women (2 or more children), there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse outcome by planned place of birth.

home-birth-australian-babyAustralia: in a paper by Kennare et al, although there were no differences in perinatal mortality, home birth was associated with 7-times higher risk of intrapartum death, and 27-times higher risk of death from intrapartum asphyxia (lack of oxygen). Interesting enough, one of the authors (Dr. Keirse) was the chairperson of the working party that developed the Policy for Planned Birth at Home in South Australia.

home-birth-american-babyUSA: The largest American study comparing home and hospital births was published in 2013, including data on more than 13 million births. This study indicated that babies born at home are 10 times more likely to be born dead and have almost 4 times higher risk to have neonatal seizures or serious neurological dysfunction (that is, brain damage) when compared to babies born in hospitals. Moreover, the risk of stillbirth in women delivering their first baby at home was 14 times the risk of hospital births. Dr. Grunebaum, one of the authors, explains that most likely the risks are even higher than that: “… the outcomes for patients whose care began out of the hospital but were then transferred to the hospital due to complications are reported as hospital deliveries. If the data were corrected, the risk of out-of-hospital delivery is likely to be much greater.” Another American study confirmed these findings, which, contrary to the British study, showed that the neonatal outcome was worse both for nulliparous and multiparous delivering at home.

home-birth-international-babyPooled data from USA, Australia, Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden, Canada & UK: A study by Wax et al. showed that home births are associated with a risk of neonatal death three times higher as compared to hospital births. The results of this study led the reputed medical journal The Lancet to write an editorial stating “Home birth: proceed with caution”. Wax’s study though was highly criticized on methodological grounds.

Why such a disparity in the results of the different studies?

There are many possible explanations:

  • The lack of randomized trials, as it is not possible to force women to deliver at home or at a hospital against their will. It is clear from different studies that women delivering at home are different from those delivering at hospitals (usually home birthers are more educated and come from a more socioeconomically advantaged area); populations may also differ from country to country.
  • Underreport. In many home births studies there are missing data; in others home births that were transferred to hospitals are included in the hospital group.
  • Midwives’ training. In most European countries and Canada, home births are attended only by midwives or physicians; midwives have a university degree and undergo intensive training. In most states of the United States, besides certified nurse midwives (with formation equivalent to European midwives), births are also attended by “direct-entry midwives” with no university degree and diverse training; the only requirement for them to practice is a high school degree.home-birth-all-babies
  • Eligibility criteria for a home birth. Studies with good outcome had very strict inclusion criteria for home birth, that is, they excluded women with twin pregnancies, preterm labor, preeclampsia, etc.
  • Transport rates. Best outcome was associated with a very high transportation rate: about 40-50% for nulliparous, 10-20% for multiparous. On the contrary, the US studies -with more adverse results- report overall transportation rates of about 10%.
  • Efficiency of transport system, midwives’ integration to hospitals. Rapid availability of ambulances -such as the so-called Obstetric flying squad in the UK- and hospitals in tight collaboration with midwives working in the community seem to be essential. But even so, some complications may not be solved, even by the most efficient form of transport.
  • Distance to the hospital. Although shorter distance to hospital seems to be crucial, even this may not prevent certain complications. Hospitals have what is called the “decision to incision” rule, that is, the maximum time that should pass between the decision to make an emergency cesarean section and the time it is actually done. This rule is 20 or 30 minutes, according to different countries. It is clear that this time frame cannot be achieved with home birth, not even with close distance to a hospital.

 

Read the second part here:  Home birth: smart choice or risky business? (Part 2)

Photo Credits:

Intro: Flickr.comPinterest.comWikipedia.org; 1) Gettyimages.comwhich.co.ukwhich.co.uk; 2) booshparrot.com, herb.co; 3) Flickr.commoveoneinc.com, Pinterest.com, sheknows.com, blogqpot.combabynames.allparenting.com,  mercatornet.comlaineygossip.com

100 ESSENTIAL FRENCH SONGS YOU MUST HEAR Part 7: 2010-2016

 

best-french-songs-2010s-mod-2See also:

This fascinating trip through French music is over! We arrived to the present time!

It’s amazing to see how French music has changed throughout the years! Having the whole picture in front of my eyes while preparing this series of posts, it really got me thinking on how France’s music scene evolution is, unfortunately, a sign of the times.

From the 1930s till the 60s, France was the absolute trend-setter. French songs were heard worldwide, many times translated into other languages, including English. During the 70s, Anglo-saxons’s influence on France’s music style becomes slowly evident. We start witnessing the decay of la République Française as a music model; nevertheless, many great songs of this period have remained as all-time classics.

From the 80s, globalization becomes omnipresent, and music is not an exception: more and more English music is being heard in France; the 90s widespread availability of the Internet certainly magnifies this phenomenon. In order to preserve the French language and protect it against the “Anglo-Saxon cultural invasion”, the French government takes a decision: the controversial Toubon law is issued. Effective 1/1/1996, this law forces radio stations to broadcast at least 40% of songs in French. But there is a problem: French radio stations believe that, after 20 years of being applied, this 40% quota has become unsustainable. They denounce a lack of quality of contemporary French music, as well the reduction in the number of artists performing in French. As they point out: “Only 242 francophone albums were released in 2014, against 718 in 2003, representing a 66,3% drop in the production of French music in a little over ten years”.

Why this alarming drop-off in Francophone music? Are French artists lacking creativity? The answer is: not at all! They are performing in English!! With the boom in electro pop and house music, a trademark of the 2010s, mainstream artists such as David Guetta, Daft Punk, Bob Sinclar, as well  as other remarkable, less-known bands such as The Avener,  Synapson, Christine and the Queens, are now singing in English in order to attract a more international audience.

The future of French music doesn’t look bright: recently, as a result of the pressure exerted by the radio stations, the 40% French music quota was reduced to 35%. This is sad! French music should not disappear! This would be a huge loss, not only for France, but for the whole world…

But there is some hope: outstanding Francophone artists, either because of their commercial success, or due to the quality of their work, still insist on being “a cultural exception”. So, let’s all support French music!! Check out this list, go ahead and Frenchify your playlist!

91) Zaz – “Je veux” (2010)

With her gypsy jazzy style and her sultry voice,  Zaz  managed to have not only France, but all Europe singing the addictive “Je veux”. The album went diamond-certified in France, while the song “Je veux” stayed at the top of most European charts for several weeks. After this massive hit, she became the most listened French singer abroad and, according to an Internet survey in France, the favorite French musician in 2010. Read more about Zaz here.

 

 92) Mika – “Elle me dit” (2011)

Yes, it’s the same Mika of “Relax, take it easy“. Actually, Mika is British-Lebanese, but he has also lived in France. This song (English: “She tells me”) is, according to himself:  “about all the horrific things a mother can say to her son to get him to f..k out of her house”. The video features a well-known ensemble of French actors, including the great Fanny Ardant. It was the most commercially successful francophone hit of 2011 in France.

 

 93) Camille – Le banquet” (2011)

She may not be for everybody’s taste, but no one can deny she’s got a great talent -and an amazing voice. Quirky and original (though at times she may remind us of Bjork), Camille’s all four studio albums are definitely worth listening to. Almost unanimously acclaimed by the critics,  her single “Ta douleur” has been also a commercial success. She has collaborated with the band Nouvelle Vague, and composed songs for the soundrack of the films Ratatouille and Le petit princeThis song belongs to her last album Ilo veyou (anagram for “I love you”).

 

94) Maître Gims – “J’me tire” (2013)

Worshiped by some, snubbed by others, there is no doubt though that Maître Gims is a big thing in France. Already well-known as the leader of the notorious rap group Sexion d’Assault, in 2013 he went solo with the album “Subliminal”. Although the album got mixed reviews from critics, it was a huge commercial success, becoming double-diamond certified. In this song (English: “I withdraw myself”) he describes how he feels sick of fame sometimes, and that he would like to leave and go some place where people won’t judge him.

 

95) Stromae – “Papaoutai” (2013)

By 2010, when his first album was released, Belgian musician Stromae spread the word: “Life sucks, so let’s dance”. And he got all Europe on its feet, dancing his major hit Alors on dance. But with his 2013 album Racine Carrée, he clearly demonstrated what an accomplished artist he is. Besides the easy-listening, catchy melodies, all his songs deliver a strong social message, whether they talk about AIDS, cancer, relationships, or sexual clichés…The song Papaoutai (“Papa où t’ai/Papa where are you”) talks about absent fathers. It’s really worth watching the amazing music video, where a boy uses a mannequin to replace his absent father. Learn more about Stromae here.

 

96) Indila – “Dernière danse” (2014)

This song (English: “Last dance”) is the first single from Indila’s debut album, Mini World.  The beautiful music video is a short film that takes place in Paris, and describes the story of a young immigrant who is a victim of racism. Mini World would become diamond-certified in France; although the single Dernière danse never made it to the top of the chart (it reached the second place), it became a huge success in many other countries, such as Greece, Israel, Turkey, remaining several weeks at the top of the charts.

 

97) Louane – “Jour 1” (2015)

Louane Emera, or just Louane, was already well-known since 2013 for her participation in the talent show The Voice. However, she becomes a national star in 2014 with her role in the film La famille Bélier, for which she won a César Award for the Most Promising Actress. This song belongs to her first album, Room 12, which became the biggest selling album of the year 2015 in France (two-times diamond-certified).

 

98) Julien Doré – “Le lac” (2016)

Another star arising from a talent show, Julien Doré was the winner of Nouvelle Star in 2007. Since then, he has had a very successful career; his three previous studio albums have all reached the top four on the official French Albums Chart. Just now (October 2016) he released his fourth album, “&”, from which the single “Le lac” (The lake) became instantly the most downloaded single in the charts.

 

99) Céline Dion – “Encore un soir” (2016)

There is actually not much need for introduction: Céline Dion is, without any doubt, a true star. Although already known from the early 80s in her homeland Canada, further recognition came when Dion represented Switzerland in the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest, winning with the song “Ne partez pas sans moi. Singing with great success both in French and English, by the mid-1990s she became one of the best-selling artists in the world, particularly after the super massive hit “My heart will go on”. After a 4-year break, she’s back! And with a great French album: “Encore un soir”(One More Night) has garnered positive reviews from music critics and topped the charts in France (where it went 4 times platinum), Quebec, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Belgium.

 

100) Christophe Maé – “Il est où le bonheur” (2016)

Christophe Maé is considered a real phenomenon:  since the release of his first album in 2007, all his albums have topped the French charts. And his fifth album, L’Attrape-rêves, which just came out is no exception! In the video of this song (the title means “Where is happiness?”) the 40 year-old singer travels through time, becoming younger or older thanks to very successful visual effects. With his unique voice, he reminds us that we should not run after happiness because it is right in front of us, although but we do not always see it.

 

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